Jefferson “人人平等的小农社会愿景”的原始出处文献:
Jefferson 的核心表述主要出自两处经典文献:
- 《弗吉尼亚笔记》(Notes on the State of Virginia, 1785),Query XIX(“Manufactures”):
“Those who labour in the earth are the chosen people of God, if ever he had a chosen people, whose breasts he has made his peculiar deposit for substantial and genuine virtue.”
这段强调耕作者(yeoman farmers/small farmers)是道德与共和国的基石,反对制造业/城市化带来的腐败和依赖。 - 1785 年 8 月 23 日致 John Jay 的信(Letter to John Jay):
“Cultivators of the earth are the most valuable citizens. They are the most vigorous, the most independant, the most virtuous, & they are tied to their country & wedded to it’s liberty & interests by the most lasting bands.”
这段最直接体现了 Jefferson 对独立自耕农(yeoman farmer)作为自由、平等共和国基础的理想。他反对依赖工资劳动或大地产,主张通过土地分配(如西部扩张)维持小农社会,以保障公民独立性和共和美德。
这些观点贯穿 Jefferson 的政治思想(如反对 Hamilton 的工业化、金融化路线),并影响了美国早期的“杰斐逊民主”理念。
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